What is a null pointer ?

There are times when it’s necessary to have a pointer that doesn’t point to anything. The macro NULL, defined in , has a value that’s guaranteed to be different from any valid pointer. NULL is a literal zero, possibly cast to void* or char*.

Some people, notably C++ programmers, prefer to use 0 rather than NULL.

The null pointer is used in three ways:

1) To stop indirection in a recursive data structure.
2) As an error value.
3) As a sentinel value.

Can include files be nested?

Yes. Include files can be nested any number of times. As long as you use precautionary measures , you can avoid including the same file twice. In the past, nesting header files was seen as bad programming practice, because it complicates the dependency tracking function of the MAKE program and thus slows down compilation. Many of today’s popular compilers make up for this difficulty by implementing a concept called precompiled headers, in which all headers and associated dependencies are stored in a precompiled state.

Many programmers like to create a custom header file that has #include statements for every header needed for each module. This is perfectly acceptable and can help avoid potential problems relating to #include files, such as accidentally omitting an #include file in a module.

Can a variable be both constant and volatile?

Yes. The const modifier means that this code cannot change the value of the variable, but that does not mean that the value cannot be changed by means outside this code. For instance, in the example in FAQ 8, the timer structure was accessed through a volatile const pointer.

The function itself did not change the value of the timer, so it was declared const. However, the value was changed by hardware on the computer, so it was declared volatile. If a variable is both const and volatile, the two modifiers can appear in either order.

Can static variables be declared in a header file ?

You can’t declare a static variable without defining it as well (this is because the storage class modifiers static and extern are mutually exclusive). A static variable can be defined in a header file, but this would cause each source file that included the header file to have its own private copy of the variable, which is probably not what was intended.

What is hashing ?

To hash means to grind up, and that’s essentially what hashing is all about. The heart of a hashing algorithm is a hash function that takes your nice, neat data and grinds it into some random-looking integer. 

The idea behind hashing is that some data either has no inherent ordering (such as images) or is expensive to compare (such as images). If the data has no inherent ordering, you can’t perform comparison searches. 

If the data is expensive to compare, the number of comparisons used even by a binary search might be too many. So instead of looking at the data themselves, you’ll condense (hash) the data to an integer (its hash value) and keep all the data with the same hash value in the same place. This task is carried out by using the hash value as an index into an array. 

To search for an item, you simply hash it and look at all the data whose hash values match that of the data you’re looking for. This technique greatly lessens the number of items you have to look at. If the parameters are set up with care and enough storage is available for the hash table, the number of comparisons needed to find an item can be made arbitrarily close to one. 

One aspect that affects the efficiency of a hashing implementation is the hash function itself. It should ideally distribute data randomly throughout the entire hash table, to reduce the likelihood of collisions. Collisions occur when two different keys have the same hash value. 

There are two ways to resolve this problem. In open addressing, the collision is resolved by the choosing of another position in the hash table for the element inserted later. When the hash table is searched, if the entry is not found at its hashed position in the table, the search continues checking until either the element is found or an empty position in the table is found.

The second method of resolving a hash collision is called chaining. In this method, a bucket or linked list holds all the elements whose keys hash to the same value. When the hash table is searched, the list must be searched linearly.

What are the different storage classes in C ?

C has three types of storage: automatic, static and allocated. 

Variable having block scope and without static specifier have automatic storage duration. 

Variables with block scope, and with static specifier have static scope. Global variables (i.e, file scope) with or without the the static specifier also have static scope. 

Memory obtained from calls to malloc(), alloc() or realloc() belongs to allocated storage class.

What does static variable mean?

There are 3 main uses for the static.

1. If you declare within a function:
It retains the value between function calls

2.If it is declared for a function name:
By default function is extern..so it will be visible from other files if the function declaration is as static..it is invisible for the outer files

3. Static for global variables:
By default we can use the global variables from outside files If it is static global..that variable is limited to with in the file.

#include  int t = 10;   main(){     int x = 0;      void funct1();     funct1();                 printf("After first call \n");     funct1();                 printf("After second call \n");     funct1();                 printf("After third call \n"); } void funct1() {     static int y = 0;       int z = 10;                  printf("value of y %d z %d",y,z);     y=y+10; }

value of y 0 z 10 After first call
      value of y 10 z 10 After second call
      value of y 20 z 10 After third call

What is C language ?

The C programming language is a standardized programming language developed in the early 1970s by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie for use on the UNIX operating system. It has since spread to many other operating systems, and is one of the most widely used programming languages. C is prized for its efficiency, and is the most popular programming language for writing system software, though it is also used for writing applications.

MicroProcessor Interview Questions

What is a Microprocessor?
Microprocessor is a program-controlled device, which fetches the instructions from memory, decodes and executes the instructions. Most Micro Processor are single- chip devices.

What are the flags in 8086?
In 8086 Carry flag, Parity flag, Auxiliary carry flag, Zero flag, Overflow flag, Trace flag, Interrupt flag, Direction flag, and Sign flag.

Why crystal is a preferred clock source?
Because of high stability, large Q (Quality Factor) & the frequency that doesn?t drift with aging. Crystal is used as a clock source most of the times.

In 8085 which is called as High order / Low order Register?
Flag is called as Low order register & Accumulator is called as High order Register.

What is Tri-state logic?
Three Logic Levels are used and they are High, Low, High impedance state. The high and low are normal logic levels & high impedance state is electrical open circuit conditions. Tri-state logic has a third line called enable line.

What happens when HLT instruction is executed in processor?
The Micro Processor enters into Halt-State and the buses are tri-stated.

Which Stack is used in 8085?
LIFO (Last In First Out) stack is used in 8085.In this type of Stack the last stored information can be retrieved first

What is Program counter?
Program counter holds the address of either the first byte of the next instruction to be fetched for execution or the address of the next byte of a multi byte instruction, which has not been completely fetched. In both the cases it gets incremented automatically one by one as the instruction bytes get fetched. Also Program register keeps the address of the next instruction.

What are the various registers in 8085?
Accumulator register, Temporary register, Instruction register, Stack Pointer, Program Counter are the various registers in 8085

What is 1st / 2nd / 3rd / 4th generation processor?
The processor made of PMOS / NMOS / HMOS / HCMOS technology is called 1st / 2nd / 3rd / 4th generation processor, and it is made up of 4 / 8 / 16 / 32 bits.

Name the processor lines of two major manufacturers?
High-end: Intel - Pentium (II, III, 4), AMD - Athlon. Low-end: Intel - Celeron, AMD - Duron. 64-bit: Intel - Itanium 2, AMD - Opteron.

What?s the speed and device maximum specs for Firewire?
IEEE 1394 (Firewire) supports the maximum of 63 connected devices with speeds up to 400 Mbps. Where?s MBR located on the disk? Main Boot Record is located in sector 0, track 0, head 0, cylinder 0 of the primary active partition.

Where does CPU Enhanced mode originate from?
Intel?s 80386 was the first 32-bit processor, and since the company had to backward-support the 8086. All the modern Intel-based processors run in the Enhanced mode, capable of switching between Real mode (just like the real 8086) and Protected mode, which is the current mode of operation.

How many bit combinations are there in a byte?
Byte contains 8 combinations of bits.

Have you studied buses? What types?
There are three types of buses.
Address bus: This is used to carry the Address to the memory to fetch either Instruction or Data.
Data bus : This is used to carry the Data from the memory.
Control bus : This is used to carry the Control signals like RD/WR, Select etc.

What is the Maximum clock frequency in 8086?
5 Mhz is the Maximum clock frequency in 8086.

What is meant by Maskable interrupts?
An interrupt that can be turned off by the programmer is known as Maskable interrupt.

What is Non-Maskable interrupts?
An interrupt which can be never be turned off (ie. disabled) is known as Non-Maskable interrupt

What are the different functional units in 8086?
Bus Interface Unit and Execution unit, are the two different functional units in 8086.

What are the various segment registers in 8086?
Code, Data, Stack, Extra Segment registers in 8086.

What does EU do?
Execution Unit receives program instruction codes and data from BIU, executes these instructions and store the result in general registers.

Which Stack is used in 8086? k is used in 8086?
FIFO (First In First Out) stack is used in 8086.In this type of Stack the first stored information is retrieved first.

What are the flags in 8086?
In 8086 Carry flag, Parity flag, Auxiliary carry flag, Zero flag, Overflow flag, Trace flag, Interrupt flag, Direction flag, and Sign flag.

What is SIM and RIM instructions?
SIM is Set Interrupt Mask. Used to mask the hardware interrupts.
RIM is Read Interrupt Mask. Used to check whether the interrupt is Masked or not.

What is the difference between 8086 and 8088?
The BIU in 8088 is 8-bit data bus & 16- bit in 8086.Instruction queue is 4 byte long in 8088and 6 byte in 8086.

Give example for Non-Maskable interrupts?
Trap is known as Non-Maskable interrupts, which is used in emergency condition.

Give examples for Micro controller?
Z80, Intel MSC51 &96, Motorola are the best examples of Microcontroller.

ABB Placement Papers

TECHNICAL PAPER-40 QUESTION, 45- MINUTES

(1)in a ckt. We r giving voltage of 50 Hz as well as 60. then what will be  the resultant frequency.

(a)less than 50     (b) more than 60    (c)    in between 50 & 60
(d)  none..........according to our conclusion answer will be none because if  we apply two frequency component resultant frequency we can not say with  such an ease's should confirm the answer

2.In a ckt a single resistor is connected across a d.c. source, what will be  the effect on current in first resistor if we connect one more resistance in  parallel with earlier one....

Answer.. no change since it is a parallel combination.

3.why we don,t like flashover in transmission line (t-line)-  (a ) it may create earth fault(b )it reduces the life of insulator.....
Read something about flashover & puncture.

4.total no of strands in a acsr conductor is 81, then what is the no. of  conductor in its outer layer....(a)36 (b)18 (c)24.......Also read some more  on acsr.

5.Two questions based on p.u. calculation like , p.u. calculation is given  with respect to some old base and u have to calculate it with reference to  new base.  (new resistance/old)=(mva new /mva old)*(old voltage/new voltage)2

Other question is based upon transfer of p.u calculation in transformer i.e.  how base changes when we we move from primary to secondary or like wise.read  some more on p.u calculation.

6.which table is referred for sag calculation-

(a)stringing chart......answer

7.in a R-L ckt a ac voltage is applied , such that instantaneous power is  negative for 2ms, then what will be the power factor.

(a) 9 deg, (b) 18 deg, (c) 36 Deg...........(I don,t know the correct ans)

8. In an incandescent lamp

(a) luminous intensity is more than non-luminous intensity    (b) ,, ,, ,, less ,, ,, ,,

Ans: Since efficiency is less than 100%, hence ans is (b), u should confirm it further.

9. In which motor no-load to full-load diff. is lowest

(a) series motor,     (b) shunt motor,     (c) Compound motor

Ans: (b)

10. In a 60Hz induction motor full load speed is 850 rpm then what is the  Synchronous speed. (a) 900 rpm, (b) 950 rpm, (c) 1600rpm...

.Ans: (a)

11. A sync. Motor is running at synch. Speed, if al of sudden D.C.  excitation is removed, then

(a) it will rotate at slip speed,     (b) it will stop,     (c) it will continue to  rotate at sync. Speed

Ans: (a), because actually it will acts as Induction motor.

12. A transmission line is designed for 50Hz, 440KV. If we want to transfer  power at 60Hz, 440 KV, then the power transfer capability will

(a) decrease,     (b) Increase,     (c) None

Ans: (a) ...as P=( |Vt| |Ef| sin (delta) ) / X, where (delta) is torque angle.

13. Increased rotor resistance in rotor ckt of induction motor is related  with

(a) high starting torque,     (b) more speed variation,.....................Ans: (a)

14. In the formulae E = 4.44 f N ?, ? is

(a) Avg value,     (b) Rms value,     (c) Maximum value.....................Ans: (a)...[confirm it]

15. Voltage & current in a ckt is given by V= V1+j V2 and I= I1 +j I2, then rms power is.......(refer book by Administrator on NETWORK ..)

16. Input impedence of MOSFET is

(a) more than BJT........(Ans)

17, 18. Remember truth table of AND, NOR, NAND, OR, EX-OR ETC...

19. Conversion of Binary number into Equivalent decimal No.

20. Megger is used for the measurement of (a) Insulation resistance,    (b)Conductor resistance.............Ans: (a)

21. Form factor for sinusoidal as well as DC

22. Formulae of Regulation (Vs- Vr)* 100/ Vr, then transmission line is

(a) short transmission line,     (b) long, (    c) medium...................Ans: (a)

23. Improvement in power factor reduces

(a) power consumed by consumer,    (b) power generation,    (c) both a & b...........Ans: (c) [Confirm it]

24. Read about field test of Series Motor...

25. No-load test for Synchronous motor, the graph is drawn

(a) stator open ckt emf Vs field current.......................................(Ans: a)

26. An AC voltage of 50Hz is impressed in a resistive ckt, the oscillating  power has a frequency (a) 50 Hz, (b) 100, (c) no oscillating power is there  in resistive ckt......Ans: (a)
27. Insulation used in transformer ___________leakage flux.

(a) increases, (b) decreases............Ans: (b)

28.After rain what happens to Insulator (a) break-down strength of Insulator  decreases, (b)Arch length reduces, ......Ans: (b)..[Confirm it]

29.Diversity factor helps to ............(what ?)  [Read diversity factor, load factor, Reserve capacity factor in depth, with calculation]

30. Why capacitance is shown as a Shunt element in analysis of transmission  line

(a) it is between Conductor & earth,    (b) because Admittance is used for  calculation of capacitive reactance.....................Ans: (a)

31. B-R-Y sequence is followed in three phase system, if phase voltage in  B-phase is Vm sin 100, then the phase voltage in R-phase would be (a) Vm  sin (-20)            Ans:(a)

32. In a particular ckt I = Im Sin (wt -270) and V = Vm Sin wt, then type of  ckt is (a) pure resistive ckt

33. In a L-R ckt energy lost = 2000 W, energy conserved = 500W, then what is  the time constant...........Ans: time constant = L/R = 0.5

34. In electro-dynamometer A,meter & wattmeter the type of scale is

Ans:Non-uniform
35. For the same current carrying capacity corona loss of ACSR will be  ________than copper conductor.
  (a) more,     (b) less,    (c) equal.     Ans: (b)

36. A R-C ckt , supplied with DC, a bulb is connected across the Capacitor,  then what happens to the illumination, if we change the capacitance.

Ans: No change at all

37. Read about surge impendence of over-head and under-ground cable, Surge  impedence formula = sqrt(L/C)

[N.B] We are not mentioning the options in sequence, and do not think  that ans for the most questions is option (a). Read all options very  carefully as all are very close to each other.

QUANTITATIVE PAPER + PCM paper

45 Questions ---------45 minutes

1. About 10 quanti questions ( based on Mixture, Work etc. of very easy  type)

2. What is GDP ?

3. Vector algebra, codition for Co-planer vector etc.

4. Gravitation, geo-synchronous satellite( it,s hight, orbit , radius etc.), escape velocity, how g (gravitational accln) varies, about  gravitational potential.

5. Basic electricity and Magnetism----Biot-savart law, current carrying  conductor properties.

6. Nuclear physics, Bohr,s constant, and Other theories related .

7. Problem based on VIBGYOR , how wave length and frequency is varying.

8. Questions based on Plank,s Theory, E =hv

9. V=u + at , V2=u2 + 2as and W = mgh  questions based on above theory

10. Faraday,s laws of electrolysis, m = Zit

11. Heat conduction problem.

12. Co lour-coding of resistor (BBROYGBVGW)

13. How velocity of light changes in different medium while frequency remain  unchanged.

14. statistics , calculation of mode, co-efficient regression (3-4  Questions)

15. f(x) = Sin x + Cos x, find the maximum value of the function.......Ans:  sqrt (2)

16. Formulae for parallel plate capacitor and force between plates

Nucleus Placement Paper

4 sections each of 15 minutes having 15 questions...
1. Quantitative aptitude
2. Logical reasoning
3. General English
4. Technical aptitude


English Section:

gruesome=? (4 choces were given)
ans:frightful

barbarian=?
ans:uncivilized

serene=?
ans:calm

4 sentences were given,they asked u to choose right senctence.
ans: How's the weather

Mirror on the wall.They asked to replace on word with meaningful option.
ans: mirror at the wall. (Plz check.)

He sometimes works________night.
a)all
b)at
c)all of the above
d)none of above
ans: c(check)

The document______delivered.
ans: has been(plz check)

____ is it from manchaster to london.
ans: How far

I have______my car.
ans: driven

Correct the sentence....They have been doing it since 12 months.
ans: replace 'since' with 'for'

Logical reasoning

if 1234567573 is coded as xxxxxxxxxx and 563423is coded like xxxxxx the 3512 will be coded as? (only format of question, i m mentioning, question is very easy..even a class 3 student will answer)
ans: RATION

Same as previous question with different data.
ans: MEAT
Some analogy questions were given....

dawn:twilight::day:evening/night

Mosquito:maleria::infection:deasease

Writer:book::composer:song

Cloth:scissor::wood:axe

Friend:good::enemy:bad

John and David....Age of both is asked.
ans: the option in which age of John is 40.

Analogy question...
ans: Saturday: Monday (check it)

nalogy question...if 20:21 then what is the appropriate choice
ans:20:21::m:n

Quantitative Aptitude

if a jug evaporates 1/3 rd in first day and 3/4 th of remaining water in the second day.What percentage of water will be
remaining? ans:20%(check it)ans may be 16.6 viz not given

what is the angle between hands of hour and minute in a clock when the time is 8:30? ans:75 degree

In 10 minutes how many degrees hour hand rotates? ans:5 degree

if 17xy+7 =19xy then 14 xy=?
a) 2xy-x
b) 2y
c) x-2y
d) don't remember
ans:8/0.8

Novel Placement Paper

1.Max value of SIGNED int
a. b. c. d.
2.One questin is given, long one, to find the answer U should be
femiliar
with the operation as follows

int *num={10,1,5,22,90};
main()
{
int *p,*q;
int i;
p=num;
q=num+2;
i=*p++;
print the value of i, and q-p, and some other operations are there.
}
how the values will change??
3. One pointer diff is given like this:
int *(*p[10])(char *, char*)
asked to find the meaning.
4. char *a[4]={"jaya","mahe","chandra","buchi"};
what is the value of sizeof(a)/sizeof(char *)
a. 4 b.bytes for char c-- d.--
( we don't know the answer)

5. void fn(int *a, int *b)
{
int *t;
t=a;
a=b;
b=t;
}
main()
{
int a=2;
int b=3;
fn(&a,&b);
print the values os a and b;
}
what is the output--- out put won't swap, the same values remain.

a. error at runtime
b. compilation error
c.2 3
d. 3 2
6.
#define scanf "%s is a string"
main()
{
printf(scanf,scanf);
}
what is the output.

ANS : %s is string is string

7. i=2+3,4>3,1;
printf("%d"i);

ans is 5 only.
8. char *p="abc";
char *q="abc123";

while(*p=*q)
{
print("%c %c",*p,*q);
}

a. aabbcc
b. aabbcc123
c. abcabc123
d. infinate loop ( this may be correct)
9. printf("%u",-1)
what is the value?
a. -1 b. 1 c. 65336 d. --


(maxint value-1 I think, check for the answer)

10. #define void int
int i=300;
void main(void)
{
int i=200;
{
int i=100;
print the value of i;
}
print the value of i
}
what is the output?


may be 100 200
11.

int x=2;
x=x<<2;
printf("%d ",x);


ANS=8;
12.

int a[]={0,0X4,4,9}; /*some values are given*/

int i=2;

printf("%d %d",a[i],i[a]);

what is the value??? (may be error)

13.
some other program is given , I can't remember it
U can get it afterwads,

the answer is 3 3

Novartis Placement Paper

About Company: NOVARTIS is a Swiss based MNC and world number one in Pharmaceutical. It has a very good brand name. It's having around 80,000 employees. It's entering IT insustry now to handle the large number of their in-house projects. As of now, the only development center in India is in Mumbai.
The interviews are held for more than 3 years experience in JAVA, J2EE.

There are 3 rounds :

1. Technical Test (25 questions in 45 minutes time)
2. Group Discussion (30 minutes)
3. Technical & HR interview (30 minutes to 90 minutes)
I wrote here all the questions I remember. I think I almost covered most of them.
______________________
Technical Test
______________________
All are multiple choice questions.
1) Question on Static Methods, whether they can be overloaded or not
2) A java program on nested (inner) loops and it is asked what is the output of the program.
3) Once a Servlet is initialized, how do you get the initialization parameters ?
(a) Initialization parameters will not be stored
(b) They will be stored in instance variables
(c) using config.getInitParameters()
ANS: I think answer is (c)

4) A question on functionality of <forward> tag in JSP
5) If the cookies are disabled, how can you maintain the Session.
ANS: URL rewriting
6) If there are strict timelines and if you want to get high performance for JSP to DB access, what method you suggest ?
(a) Moving application server in to same manchine as Database
(b) By storing results in Cache
(c) By implementing Connection Pooling
ANS: I think answer is (c)

7) A question on MVC architecture and the functionality of Controller and View.
8) Question on Design Pattern. (I don't remember it)
9) Which Design Pattern hides the complexities of all sub-systems ?
(I don't remember the options and also don't know answer.)
10) In CMP bean, which method executes only once in life time
(a) setEntityContext()
(b) create()
(c) remove()
(d) find()
ANS: I think answer is (b)
11) Which bean can be called as Multi-Threaded bean ?
(a) Entity beans
(b) Stateless Session beans
(c) Stateful Session beans
(d) Pooled Stateless Session beans
ANS: I think answer is (d)

12) A question on Threads in Java, whether we need to mention the word "Daemon" explicitly to make a thread as Daemon.
13) A question on Transactions of EJB. I think the question is something similar to - "Which is faster ?"
(a) TRANSACTION_UNREPEATABLE_READ
(b) TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ
(c) TRANSACTION_COMMIT_READ
(d) TRANSACTION_UNCOMMIT_READ
(I don't know answer and also I am not sure of options. but the options are something similar to this.)
14) Question on EJB Home Object, Remote Object and what functionalities will be performed by each.
15) What is the difference between Server and Container
(a) A Container can have multiple Servers
(b) A Server can have multiple Containers
(c) A Server can have only one Container
ANS: I think answer is (b)
16) ejbStore() method is equivalent to
(a) SELECT
(b) INSERT
(c) UPDATE
(d) DELETE
ANS: I think answer is (c)
17) A question on where the garbage collection is done. I think the answer is : "finalize()" method
18) A question properties of Primary key in Entity Beans (I don't remember the options exactly.)
(a) Primary key consists of only basic data types in java
(b) Primary key can contain composite data types
Remarks on Technical Test : It's a bit difficult and lot of questions are on EJBs, JSPs and Design Patterns.
Group Discussion
Topics:
1. Development of India
2. Qualities to become a successful manager

Technical & HR Interview

1) Tell about yourself ?

2) Explain your projects and what design patterns they follow !

3) Questions on Project management, Team management, Defect prevention, Quality procedures (These, questions are in detail and on each aspect. This went on for around 1 hour.)

4) Tell something about your current company

5) Reasons for leaving current company.

6) Current salary & Expected salary !

6) Any Questions ?

NFL Placement Paper

Pattern: aptitude+technical
50% 50%
aptitude: vocabulary english+verbal,nonverbal reasoning+quantative
technical: c,oops,operating system,compiler,dbms,network,computer graphics,compuiter organisation in this exam 170 questions & time allotted for this exam only 2:00hrs/120min negative marking in this exam:on 1 wrong ans 0.5 mark will be deducted right ans contain 1 mark

some confirm question on this exam:

[1] the process of transforming 1 bit pattern into another is called a masking b bitting c prunning d chopping

[2] lint is a compiler b a interactive debugger c a cinterpreter d a tool for analysing c++ program

[3] header files used in c programs usually found in a /bin/include b /usr/bin/include c /dev/include d /usr/include

[4] dijstra banking algorithm used in the problem a dead lock avoidance b deadlock recovery c mutual exclusion d none

[5] which is following service is not supported by operating system a compilation b accounting protection d i/o operation

[6]which is the following sheduling policy is suited in time sharing o/s a sjf b fcfs c round robin d none

[7] a top down parser genrates a left most derivation b right most derivation c right most derivation in reverse
[8] a bottom up parser genrates a left most derivation b right most derivation c right most derivation in reverse

[9] which is the following symbol table implementation is based on principal of locality of referencea linear list b searchtree c hash table d self organisation list

[10] let * be a boolean operation defined by a a*b =a*b+a'b' then a*a a A b B c 0 d 1

[11]the number column in a state table for a sequential circuit with m flip flops and n inputs a m+n b m+2n c 2m+n d 2m+2n

[12] the minimum time delay between the initiation of two memory operations a access time b cycle time c transfer rate d latency time

[13] the way a card player game arranges his cards as he picks them up one by onea bubble sort b insertion c selection d merge sort

[14] phenomenon of having a continuous glow of a beam on the screen even aftera removed a called a a flouresence b persistence c phospherence d incadence

[15] which display device is suited for cad system a a crt with vector referesh monitor b crt with raster scan monitor
c plasma panel display d led display

[16] the basic elements of a picture in volume graphics a pixel b voxel c volsel d none

[17] which of the following system resides in memory always a text editor b assembler c linker d loader

[18] for a weak entity set to be meaningful it must be a part of a one to many relationship b one to one c many to many d none

[19] c front is a a is front end of a c compiler b is preprocessor of a ccompiler c translates a c++ code to its equivalent code d none

[20] files in a structure of ac++ are by default a public b private c protected d none

[21] end to end connectivity is provided from host to host in a the network layer b the transport layer c the session layer d data
link layer

[22] how many characters persec (7bit+1) can be transmitted per over a 2400 bps line in the transfer is synchronous]
a 300 b 240 c 275 d 250

[23] which is the following is more closely related to the physical communication facilities
a application b session networkn d datalink

aptitude
quantative

1partnership
2time and work
3average
4 arithmatic
5 boat
6profit & loss
7 ratio
8 si & ci

verbal
analogy
sequnce arrangement
puzzle
direction sence
calender
ven diagram

Ness Placement Paper

Hello frnds,
I got this pattern frm one of my frnd... hope this will help...
50 Questions from Aptitude........ 1 hour
out of this 50 questions
10 - Analytical reasoning.......
10- Logical reasoning English.... This is tough one prepare well.....
10 - comprehensive (passage reading)...... This is tough one prepare well.....
10- simple Mathematics....... very very easy.......
10-English Grammar......I think u can do ...

60 Questions from Tech.......... 1 hour
10-Data Structures.... read about graphs, tree traversal, stacks, ques, sorting algorithms.....

10- C....they asked from Exploring C ..... so be thorough with all examples and exercises......

10-C++ Basic Concepts...... From Balagurusamy.....
15- C++ programs.....From Balagurusamy... Concentrate more on inheritence, constructors and virtual functions.....

10- SQL Queries..... Study all basic commands like select, update, max, min, average and group by.......

5 - Client - Server ..... definitions of client server....

NCR Placement Paper

NCR Placement Paper and Sample Paper
The pattern for the company NCR Teradata in HYD.

The exam was of 1:45 and consisted of C,C++,Data Structures, total 4(5 Marks)

Note that the code or the values may not be correct.... Just get the concept.

Predict the o/p... each 1 mark

1.
static int i;
{
i=10;
...
}
printf("%d",i);
Ans: 10

2.
#define func1(a) #a
#define func2(a,b,c) a##b##c
printf("%s",func1(func2(a,b,c)))
Ans: func2(a,b,c)

3.
const int* ptr;
int* ptr1;
int a=10;
const int p=20;
ptr=a;
ptr1=p;

4.
class a
virtual disp()
{ printf("In a");}
class b:public a
disp()
{ printf("In b");}
class c:public a
disp()
{ printf("In c");}
main()
{
a obj;
b objb;
c objc;
a=objb;
a.disp();
a=objc;
a.disp();
Ans: "In a" "In a"

5.
a="str";
char *b="new str";
char *temp;
malloc(sizeof(temp)+1,....
strcpy(a,temp);
malloc(sizeof(b)+1,....
strcpy(temp,b);

6.
int m,i=1,j=0,k=-1;
m=k++||j++&&i++;
printf("%d...",m,i,j,k);

7.
class x
{
double b;
double *l;
float &c;
}
main()
{
double g=10.34;
double *f=1.3;
float k=9;
x o;
o.b=g;
o.l=f;
o.c=k;
}

Ans: Compiler Error

Write C/C++ code for following:

For all the probs, u will have decide on wht DS to use.... and u'r program must be efficient...explain in detail... (5 Marks)

1. Find the Kth smallest element in a Binary Tree. (5 Marks)

2. Each worker does a job and is given a rating +ve,-ve or Zero.

Find the MaxSubSequenceSum for given no. of workers.

Ex: Workers=6; Ratings={1,0,-1,4,5,-3}

MaxSubSequenceSum=4+5=9 (5 Marks)

3. 1 to N ppl sitting in a circle. Each one passes a hot potato to the next person. After M passes the person holding the potato is eliminated. The last person remaining is winner. Find winner for given N,M.

Ex: N=5, M=2, Winner=4 (5 Marks)

4. Reverse a given Linked List. (5 Marks)

5. There is a file called KnowledgeBase.txt which contains some words. Given a sub-string u have to find all the words which match the word in the file.

Ex: file contains a, ant, and, dog, pen.

If I give "an" I should get o/p as "ant, and" (10 Marks)

6. Company employee have id,level,no. of sub-ordinates under him...

If a emp leaves then his sub-ordinates are assigned to any of the emp's seniors...
Write four functions:

Nagaroo Placement Paper

There were two parts

1) aptitude duration 90 min
2) technical duration 60 min (for freshers) / 30 min (for exp)

In technical paper, we had a choice of three papers - Java, Vb, & C++. Iwrote on C++

In aptitude paper, they have 25 qns on maths and 25 on reasoning. Maths qns level is same as that of CAT. Mensuration, trignometry, interests etc. are asked. they alos provide you with some formulae on the back of the qpaper. pls note that not all the formulas will be used and not all that are needed are provided. there is negative marking in both papers (+3 & -1). I prepared for this section from IMS CAT material.


Find the output (4-5 qns on this)
Time complexity
Queue, deque, linked list
We can simulate queue using two stacks. Can we simulate two stacks using a queue? etc..

it was 90 mins. aptitude test (50 ques.) - comprising of maths aptitude(25 ques)(trigonometry,pythagoras theorem,basic geometry,mesuration,profit/loss,average,time/speed problems,etc.) and rest 25 ques. were analytical reasoning (eg.set of 5-6 ques. based on a set of statements....gre barrons style). next was the c++ test again 50 MCQ - they asked everything from inheritance to static variables to extern to pointers to data structures etc.

1) apptitude duration 1 hour
2) technical duration 45 min

in apptitude, they asked mostly about the geometry sudied in 9th &10th std. all the mensuration & pythagorus theorem. trapezium,
quadrilaterals, their properties, angles to be found. allmot every thing.In technical, they had 6-7 questions on code optimization and time complexity of c/c++ code. few questions on hashing technique and 3-4 on operating systems and networking. the c, c++ test was quite simple and it had general questions.that is all i remeber, i hope this helps u all.

Mphasis Placement Paper

A process is defined as
Ans. Program in execution

A thread is
Ans. Detachable unit of executable code)

What is the advantage of Win NT over Win 95
Ans. Robust and secure

How is memory management done in Win95
Ans. Through paging and segmentation

What is meant by polymorphism
Ans. Redfinition of a base class method in a derived class

What is the essential feature of inheritance
Ans. All properties of existing class are derived

What does the protocol FTP do
Ans. Transfer a file b/w stations with user authentification

In the transport layer ,TCP is what type of protocol
Ans. Connection oriented

Why is a gateway used
Ans. To connect incompatible networks

How is linked list implemented
Ans. By referential structures

What method is used in Win95 in multitasking
Ans. Non preemptive check

What is meant by functional dependency

What is a semaphore
Ans. A method synchronization of multiple processes

What is the precedence order from high to low ,of the symbols ( ) ++ /
Ans.( ) , ++, /

Preorder of A*(B+C)/D-G
Ans.*+ABC/-DG

B-tree (failure nodes at same level)

Dense index (index record appers for every search -key in file)

What is the efficiency of merge sort
Ans. O(n log n)

A program on swaping ( 10,5 )was given (candidate cannot recollect)

In which layer are routers used
Ans.In network layer

In which layer are packets formed ( in network layer )

heap ( priority queue )

copy constructor ( constant reference )

Which of the following sorting algorithem has average sorting behavior --Bubble sort,merge sort,heap sort,exchange sort
Ans. Heap sort

In binary search tree which traversal is used for getting ascending order values--Inorder ,post order,preorder
Ans.Inorder

What are device drivers used for
Ans.To provide software for enabling the hardware

Irrevalent to unix command ( getty)

What is fork command in unix
Ans. System call used to create process

What is make command in unix
Ans. Used forcreation of more than one file

Motorola Placement Paper

There are Three streams
1 hardware ( sps)
2 software (gsg)
3 dsp
ppt for 2 hours
salary 28000
hardware 13 questions 1hour and 15 minutes
software 20 questions
Hardware questions

Hardware questions

Draw the state transition diagram for sequence detector for the sequence 011. if the first bit detected is zero then SCRH should be asserted when the second bit is 1 the SCRH should remain asserted when the third bit is 1 the FOUND should be asserted and the SCRH should be disasserted. No bits should be left.

ts=0.5 and Th=0.7 (for the this is the setup time reqd and hold time reqd)
buffer has the delay of 1nsec
what is the setup time _________ns
what is the hold time ___________ns
a.
b.
for Each gate delay time is 0.5 ns

a. For each gate the delay time is 0.5 ns when will the glitch occur draw the glitch waveform.

b. How the circuit should be modified to avoid glitch.

describe the driving inverter? What inverter is weak and which has more strength? why?

what is the output of the following circuit?

Draw the output waveform for the following ckt Vtp=Vtn=1V

obtain expression for the output (the i/ps may not be in correct order)

Determine the output waveform input is

a. What is the output waveform
b. What will happen when the AND gate is replaced by OR gate

using 2:1 Mux and one inverter make XOR gate

using 2:1 Mux make a transparent latch (D f/f)

Design a ckt such that f (clk_out)=2 f (CLK_in) that is frequency doubling circuit is needed

Find the outputs of the following ckts

a). assume Vt = threshold voltage

b).

c).

Software questions:
Totally 20 questions were asked
* Most of them from C and datastructures (in equal nos)
* few from c++

Numbers sequential search has to compare ______ elements on worst and _______numbers on an average

Which of the following algorithm is not applicable for lived list representation of numbers
1. binary search 2. Sequential search 3. Selection sort

program to reverse a linked list all the variables 3 left pair of statements they give, we have to write the logic part
i.e. live
typedef struct link
{
int element;
struct link *next;
}code;
struct link rev(node *p)
{
node *t;
node *r=0;
while(p!=___)
{
t=____;
p=_____;
r=______;
}
return=______

exactly same type of question to check whether the given string is palindrome or not

they gave one program and asked what it is (it is fibonacci series)

int i=7;
printf("%d",i++*i++); what is the answer

int i=7;
printf("%d",i++*i++); what is the answer
7. struct code
{ int I;
int t;
}
/* some code */
main()
{

}
what is wrong ?
semicolon is missing after structure declaration

Selection sort for N elements the no of comparisions needed and no of swapping

One question from heap sort

One question about breadth search

what is a language
* set of alphabet
* combination of alphabet
* strings of some alphabet

Max-Soft Placement Paper

Electronics Design Automation Domain (EDAD)

1. Which transmission line supports Quasi-TEM

a) Stripline b) Microstrip Line c) Coupled Stripline d) Coaxial Line

2. Two isotropic antennas are separated by a distance of 2 wavelengths, if both the antennas are fed with currents of equal phase and magnitude the number of lobes in the radiation pattern in the horizontal plane are

a) 2 b) 4 c) 6 d) 8

3. Given S-parameter corresponds to which microwave component
a) Power Divider b) Coupler c) Circulator d) Filter

4. EMPIRE is based on which method

a) FEM b) BEM c) FDTD d) MOM

5. 1 watt is

a) 10dBm b) 20dBm c) 30dBm d) 40dBm

6. Where is the LNA placed

a) Between Antenna and BPF

b) Between Antenna and Power Amplifier

c) Between Antenna and Mixer

d) Between Mixer and Antenna

7. A rectangular air filled wave-guide has cross section of 4cm x 10 cm. The minimum frequency which can propagate in the wave-guide is

a) 1.5 GHz b) 2 GHz c) 2.5 GHz d) 3.5 GHz

8. A 1km long microwave link uses two antennas each having 30dB gain. If the power transmitted by one antenna is 1w at 3GHz the power received by the other antenna is

a) 98.6 m watts b) 63.4 m watts c) 76.8 m watts d) 55.2 m watts

9. Which of the following is True or False

a) Data rate is inversely proportional to Distance

b) Antenna acts as a load

c) Directivity is inversely proportional to Distance

d) Patch antenna is used in high power applications.

10. The far-field region is commonly taken to exist at (D is the maximum overall dimension of the source)

a) Distances greater than 2D2/ from the source

b) Distances lesser than /4 from the source

c) Distances greater than /4 from the source

d) Distances lesser than 2D2/ from the source

11. If the frequency were 12GHz, what would be the wavelength?

a) 25mm b) 2.5mm c) 0.25 mm d) 250mm

12. What is the frequency range if the antenna is operating at Ku-band?

a) 4-8GHz b) 8-12GHz c) 12-18GHz d) 18-27GHz

13. For a given permittivity of 4 and permeability of 2, what is the wave impedance?

a) 266.5 b) 533.0 c) 377.0 d) 133.2

14. In Smith chart, what is the wavelength it will cover for the first 1800 or first half circle.

a) b) /2 c) /4 d) 2

15. If source impedance is 50 Ohms and the load impedance is 100 Ohms, what will be the line impedance of the Quarter Wave Transformer?

a) 14.14 Ohms b) 50 Ohms c) 1.414 Ohms d) 70.7 Ohms

16. Compute the skin depth of copper at a frequency of 20GHz. (Conductivity of copper = 5.813 x 107 mho).

a) 8.14 x 10-7 b) 6.6 x 10-7 c) 6.4 x 10-7 d) 4.6 x 10-7

17. Zigbee network is mainly used for

a) Signaling and Monitoring

b) High Speed Data Transfer

c) Voice Transfer

d) Video Transmission

18. Ideal Power Supply has

a) Zero internal resistance

b) High O/P resistance

c) High I/P resistance

d) Low O/P resistance

19. Which type of transmission line will have maximum value of characteristic impedance

a) Open Wire line

b) Coaxial Cable

c) Twin lead line

d) None

20. Write the relation between Standing Wave Ratio and Reflection Coefficient?

21. Draw the equivalent circuit of the transmission line.

22. What is resonance?

23. Write syntax to define a function in MATLAB.

24. Mention few applications of EMPIRE.

25. What is the size of a pointer?